{"id":342,"date":"2025-09-20T14:12:41","date_gmt":"2025-09-20T12:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/?page_id=342"},"modified":"2025-10-05T11:34:43","modified_gmt":"2025-10-05T09:34:43","slug":"formelsamling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/ovrigt\/formelsamling\/","title":{"rendered":"Formelsamling"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"10\">Hem<\/a> &gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/ovrigt\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"347\">\u00d6vrigt<\/a> &gt; Formelsamling<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-text-annotation has-accent-3-background-color has-background is-style-text-annotation--1 wp-block-paragraph\">Det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att r\u00e4kna fram en ordentlig l\u00e5da \u00e4r att ta hj\u00e4lp av f\u00e4rdiga ber\u00e4kningsprogram. Men om man inte vill det?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"252\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/formelsamling250.png\" alt=\"Formelsamlling\" class=\"wp-image-512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/formelsamling250.png 250w, https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/formelsamling250-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Det \u00e4r inte helt l\u00e4tt att sj\u00e4lv ta hand om alla ber\u00e4kningar som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att man ska f\u00e5 ihop en ordentlig l\u00e5dkonstruktion. M\u00e5nga v\u00e4ljer att l\u00e5ta ett f\u00e4rdigt ber\u00e4kningsprogram ta hand om uppgiften (t.ex&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drkrupp.se\/info_lsp.html\">LSPWin<\/a>&nbsp;eller&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/hogtalarlador\/transmissionslinje\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"210\">TL-KV<\/a>). Det \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 det b\u00e4sta alternativet. Jag tillhandah\u00e5ller dock en del intressanta ber\u00e4kningsformler f\u00f6r den intresserade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u00e5 den h\u00e4r sidan har jag samlat de tyngre formlerna. Det f\u00f6rekommer f\u00f6rst\u00e5s formler f\u00f6r diverse sm\u00e5tt och gott p\u00e5 flera andra sidor, och det \u00e4r v\u00e4l b\u00e4st att samla ihop dom ocks\u00e5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/delningsfilter\/konjugatlank\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"278\">Konjugatl\u00e4nkar<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/delningsfilter\/dampning\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"281\">Filterd\u00e4mpningar<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/hogtalarlador\/berakna-laddimensionerna\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"226\">L\u00e5ddimensioner<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/grunderna\/parallell-och-seriekoppling\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"115\">Serie- och parallellkoppling<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/hogtalarlador\/passiv-radiator-slavbas\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"202\">Slavbas<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-section-2 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-2--2\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hoppa direkt till \u00f6nskade formler p\u00e5 sidan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#sluten\">Sluten l\u00e5da<\/a>, <a href=\"#basreflex\">basreflexl\u00e5da<\/a>, <a href=\"#port\">basreflexr\u00f6r<\/a>, <a href=\"#delningsfilter\">2-v\u00e4gs delningsfilter<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">BER\u00c4KNA H\u00d6GTALARL\u00c5DOR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><\/strong><strong>N\u00e5gra termer som anv\u00e4nds:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vb = L\u00e5dvolym i liter<br>Fb = L\u00e5dresonans i Hz<br>F-3dB = Undre gr\u00e4nsfrekvensen i Hz<br>Vas = Elementets ekvivalenta volym i liter<br>Fs = Elementets resonansfrekvens i Hz<br>Qts = Elementets Q-v\u00e4rde<br>Qtc = Den slutna l\u00e5dans Q-v\u00e4rde<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I flera formler anv\u00e4nds den matematiska operatorn ROT, vilket \u00e4r en f\u00f6rkortning f\u00f6r &#8220;roten ur&#8221;. Tecknet ser ut s\u00e5 h\u00e4r:<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"46\" height=\"54\" class=\"wp-image-824\" style=\"width: 46px;\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/rot_tecken.gif\" alt=\"Rot tecken\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sluten\">BER\u00c4KNA SLUTEN L\u00c5DA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/boxes_sluten.png\" alt=\"Sluten l\u00e5da\" class=\"wp-image-513\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/boxes_sluten.png 200w, https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/boxes_sluten-196x300.png 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optimal Vb = Vas \/ ((1 \/ Qts^2 x 2) -1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vb med best\u00e4mt Qtc = Vas \/ ((Qtc x Fs \/ Qts \/ Fs)^2 -1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fb = ROT((Vas \/ Vb) +1) x Fs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F-3dB = ROT(((1 \/ Qtc^2 -2) + ROT((1 \/ Qtc^2 -2)^2 +4)) \/ 2) x Fb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"basreflex\">BER\u00c4KNA BASREFLEXL\u00c5DA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"273\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/boxes_basreflex-1.png\" alt=\"Basreflexl\u00e5da\" class=\"wp-image-514\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Optimal Vb = 15 x Qts^2,87 x Vas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6r denna volym g\u00e4ller f\u00f6ljande:<br>F-3dB = 0,26 x Qts^-1,4 x Fs<br>Fb = 0,42 x Qts^-0,9 x Fs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e5dan \u00e4r d\u00e4rmed optimal. Det finns inga toppar eller dalar (peakar\/dippar) i frekvensg\u00e5ngen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6r att best\u00e4mma en egen F-3dB:<br>L\u00e5dvolym = Fs \/ F-3dB^2 x Vas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6r att best\u00e4mma en egen l\u00e5dvolym:<br>F-3dB = (ROT(Vas) \/ Vb) x Fs &#8230; eller&#8230; F-3dB = Fs \/ F-3dB^2 x Vas<br>Fb = (Vas \/ Vb)^0,32 x Fs<br>Peak eller dip (dB) = 20 log (2,6 x Qts x ((Vas \/ Vb)^0,35))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6r att mer precist r\u00e4kna fram niv\u00e5n vid varje frekvens (frekvenskurvan), kan man anv\u00e4nda f\u00f6ljande metod:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A = Fb^2 \/ F-3dB^2<br>B = A \/ Qts + Fb \/ (7 x Fs)<br>C = 1 + A + Fb \/ (7 x Fs x Qts) + (Vas \/ Vb)<br>D = 1 \/ Qts + Fb \/ (7 x Fs)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F\u00f6r att g\u00e5 vidare med att r\u00e4kna fram niv\u00e5n i dB (normaliserad till 0 dB vid h\u00f6gre frekvenser) beh\u00f6ver vi r\u00e4kna p\u00e5 varje frekvens (F).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fn = F \/ Fs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niv\u00e5n i dB: 20 log (Fn^4 \/ ROT(Fn^4 &#8211; C x Fn^2 + A)^2 + (B x Fn &#8211; D x Fn^3)^2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Som du m\u00e4rker blir det ganska avancerat ju l\u00e4ngre man kommer. Med dessa formler, samt f\u00f6ljande formler f\u00f6r basreflexr\u00f6r, har du vad du beh\u00f6ver f\u00f6r att r\u00e4kna p\u00e5 en sluten alt. en basreflexl\u00e5da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"port\">BER\u00c4KNA BASREFLEXR\u00d6R<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e4r du r\u00e4knar fram en basreflexl\u00e5da beh\u00f6vs ett r\u00f6r ocks\u00e5, och det \u00e4r l\u00e4ngden p\u00e5 r\u00f6ret som ber\u00e4knas, med h\u00e4nsyn till vald resonansfrekvens, l\u00e5dans storlek och r\u00f6rets diameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jag har hittat \u00e5tskilliga formler som alla p\u00e5st\u00e5s vara den mest korrekta. Jag presenterar n\u00e5gra olika:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L = R\u00f6rl\u00e4ngd (cm)<br><\/strong><strong>D = R\u00f6rets innerdiameter (cm)<br>Pi = 3,1415927<br>Fr = \u00d6nskad resonansfrekvens (Hz)<br>Vb = L\u00e5dans innervolym (liter)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Formel 1: L = (56250 x D^2) \/ (Pi x Fr^2 x Vb)<br>Formel 2: L = ((20 000 x D^2) \/ (Vb x Fr^2)) &#8211; (0,8 x D)<br>Formel 3: L = ((23600 x D^2) \/ Vb x Fr^2)) &#8211; (0,74 x D)<br>Formel 4: Fr = (D \/ ROT(Vb x (D x L))) x 160 eller L = ((160^2 x D^2) &#8211; (Vb x D x Fr^2)) \/ (Vb x F^2)<br>Formel 5: L = d x (((2650 x D) \/ (Vb x Fr^2)) &#8211; 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ett exempel p\u00e5 30 Hz avst\u00e4mning i 70 liters l\u00e5da och r\u00f6rdiameter 7,5 cm. L\u00e4ngden p\u00e5 r\u00f6ret blir d\u00e5:<br>Formel 1: 16 cm<br>Formel 2: 11,9 cm<br>Formel 3: 15,5 cm<br>Formel 4: 15,4 cm<br>Formel 5: 16,1 cm<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e5, vilken \u00e4r d\u00e5 mest korrekt? Ja, det vet man ju inte. Alla formler verkar ju ha en viss feltolerans. Det som g\u00e4ller \u00e4r att sj\u00e4lv m\u00e4ta sig fram till det b\u00e4sta resultatet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vill du r\u00e4kna p\u00e5 vilken avst\u00e4mningsfrekvens ett visst r\u00f6r har kan du anv\u00e4nda f\u00f6ljande formel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fr = ROT((56250 x D^2) \/ (Pi x Vb x L))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konsten att r\u00e4kna om r\u00f6ren<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Om man inte hittar r\u00f6r med r\u00e4tt diameter f\u00e5r man r\u00e4kna om till st\u00f6rre, mindre eller flera r\u00f6r. Anta att man ska ha ett st\u00f6rre r\u00f6r \u00e4n 12 cm i diameter och l\u00e4ngden 12 cm (som var alternativet), s\u00e5 r\u00e4knar man ut arean, A, p\u00e5 det r\u00f6rets \u00f6ppning&nbsp;<em>(A = 3,14 x Radien x Radien)<\/em>. R\u00e4kna sedan ut i procent hur mycket st\u00f6rre det nya r\u00f6rets area \u00e4r \u00e4n 12 cm-r\u00f6ret och g\u00f6r det nya r\u00f6ret lika mycket l\u00e4ngre:<br><em>Ny l\u00e4ngd = (stora area \/ lilla arean) x l\u00e4ngden<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ska man t.ex. anv\u00e4nda ett 15 cm r\u00f6r har det 56% st\u00f6rre area \u00e4n 12 cm-r\u00f6ret och ska allts\u00e5 vara 56% l\u00e4ngre&nbsp;<em>(12 x 1,56 = 18,7 cm l\u00e5ngt).&nbsp;<\/em>R\u00f6rl\u00e4ngden ska allts\u00e5 \u00f6ka med lika m\u00e5nga procent som r\u00f6rarean \u00f6kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Om du vill anv\u00e4nda tv\u00e5 r\u00f6r med samma diameter som det redan ber\u00e4knade r\u00f6ret, beh\u00f6ver du bara dubbla r\u00f6rl\u00e4ngden.<br>Exempel: Ett r\u00f6r med diametern 10 cm och l\u00e4ngden 15 cm, blir tv\u00e5 r\u00f6r med diametern 10 cm och l\u00e4ngden 30 cm.<br><br>Om du vill anv\u00e4nda tv\u00e5 r\u00f6r men inte vill \u00e4ndra r\u00f6rdiametern (arean) r\u00e4knar du fram r\u00f6rets \u00f6ppningsarea&nbsp;<em>(Radien x Radien x 3,14)<\/em>&nbsp;och delar med tv\u00e5.<br>R\u00e4kna nu om den nya arean till diameter&nbsp;<em>(( ROT (area \/ 3,14)) x 2)<\/em>&nbsp;och det blir diametern p\u00e5 varje r\u00f6r. L\u00e4ngden p\u00e5verkas d\u00e5 inte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En enkel formel (baserad p\u00e5 metoden ovan) f\u00f6r att r\u00e4kna ut total diameter p\u00e5 flera r\u00f6r (allts\u00e5 hur stort r\u00f6r de flera mindre r\u00f6ren motsvarar):<br>ROT(Antal r\u00f6r) x ett r\u00f6rs diameter = ny diameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exempel: Om du anv\u00e4nder 3 r\u00f6r med diametern 7 cm vardera, motsvarar det:<br>ROT(3) x 7 = 12,12&nbsp;= ett r\u00f6r med diametern 12,12 cm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;ROT&#8221; i sammanhanget \u00e4r &#8220;roten ur&#8221;. Roten ur 9 \u00e4r t.ex 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"delningsfilter\">BER\u00c4KNA TV\u00c5V\u00c4GS DELNINGSFILTER<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e4r har jag sammanst\u00e4llt en m\u00e4ngd ber\u00e4kningsformler f\u00f6r olika typer av delningsfilter, med olika branthet. I formlerna \u00e4r C en kondensator och L en spole. Hur kopplingarna ser ut, kan du se p\u00e5 sidan &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drkrupp.se\/hifi\/filter_kopplings_scheman.html\">Filter &#8211; kopplingsschema<\/a>&#8220;. Vad som skiljer de olika filtertyperna \u00e5t, kan du l\u00e4sa p\u00e5 sidan &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.drkrupp.se\/hifi\/filter_filtertyper.html\">Filter &#8211; Filtertyper<\/a>&#8220;. V\u00e4rdena \u00e4r i henries (L), farads (C), ohms (R) och hertz (f). F\u00f6r att konvertera till standard-komponentv\u00e4rden:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Multiplicera L med 1000 f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 mH.<br>Multiplicera C med 1000000 f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 uF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Parametrar som anv\u00e4nds:<\/strong><br>Rh = Impedansen hos diskanten<br>Rl = Impedansen hos baselementet<br>f = Delningsfrekvens<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1:a ordningens filter (6dB\/oktav)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3a88641f wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-6db-bas.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e5gpassfilter 6db\" class=\"wp-image-515\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"145\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-6db-diskant.gif\" alt=\"H\u00f6gpassfilter 6db\" class=\"wp-image-516\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Butterworth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.159 \/ (Rh x f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>L1 = Rl \/ (6.28 x f)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2:a ordningens filter (12dB\/oktav)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"199\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-12db-bas.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e5gpassfilter 12db\" class=\"wp-image-517\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"190\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-12db-diskant.gif\" alt=\"H\u00f6gpassfilter 12db\" class=\"wp-image-518\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bessel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.0912 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.2756 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C2 = 0.0912 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L2 = (0.2756 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Butterworth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.1125 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.2251 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C2 = 0.1125 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L2 = (0.2251 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chebychev<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.1592 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1592 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C2 = 0.1592 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L2 = (0.1592 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Linkwitz-Riley<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.0796 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.3183 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C2 = 0.0796 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L2 = (0.3183 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3:e ordningens filter (18dB\/oktav)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"246\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-18db-bas.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e5gpassfilter 18db\" class=\"wp-image-519\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"236\" height=\"163\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-18db-diskant.gif\" alt=\"H\u00f6gpassfilter 18db\" class=\"wp-image-520\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bessel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.07911 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1317 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.3953 \/ ( Rh x f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>L2 = (0.3294 x Rl) \/ f<br>C3 = 0.1897 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.06592 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Butterworth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.1061 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1194 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.3183 \/ (Rh x f)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>L2 = (0.2387 x Rl) \/ f<br>C3 = 0.2122 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.0796 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4:e ordningens filter (24dB\/oktav)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-794e3cfa wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flex wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"281\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-24db-bas.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e5gpassfilter 24db\" class=\"wp-image-521\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"274\" height=\"162\" src=\"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/schema-24db-diskant.gif\" alt=\"H\u00f6gpassfilter 24db\" class=\"wp-image-522\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bessel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1= 0.0702 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.0862 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.0719 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L2 = (0.4983 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C3 = 0.2336 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = 0.3583 x Rl) \/ f<br>C4 = 0.0504 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L4 = (0.1463 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-style-default has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Butterworth<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.1040 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1009 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.1470 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L2 = (0.4159 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C3 = 0.2509 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.2437 x Rl) \/ f<br>C4 = 0.0609 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L4 = (0.1723 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gaussian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.0767 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1116 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.1491 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L2 = (0.3251 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C3 = 0.2235 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.3253 x Rl) \/ f<br>C4 = 0.0768 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L4 = (0.1674 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legendre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.1104 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1073 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.1246 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L2 = (0.2783 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C3 = 0.2365 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.2294 x Rl) \/ f<br>C4 = 0.0910 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L4 = (0.2034 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Linear-Phase<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.0741 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1079 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.1524 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L2 = (0.3853 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C3 = 0.2255 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.3285 x Rl) \/ f<br>C4 = 0.0632 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L4 = (0.1578 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-accent-2-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Linkwitz-Riley<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-e39da43a wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>H\u00f6gpass<\/strong>:<br>C1 = 0.0844 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L1 = (0.1000 x Rh) \/ f<br>C2 = 0.1688 \/ (Rh x f)<br>L2 = (0.4501 x Rh) \/ f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u00e5gpass<\/strong>:<br>C3 = 0.2533 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L3 = (0.3000 x Rl) \/ f<br>C4 = 0.0563 \/ (Rl x f)<br>L4 = (0.1500 x Rl) \/ f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hem &gt; \u00d6vrigt &gt; Formelsamling Det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att r\u00e4kna fram en ordentlig l\u00e5da \u00e4r att ta hj\u00e4lp av f\u00e4rdiga ber\u00e4kningsprogram. Men om man inte vill det? Det \u00e4r inte helt l\u00e4tt att sj\u00e4lv ta hand om alla ber\u00e4kningar som kr\u00e4vs f\u00f6r att man ska f\u00e5 ihop en ordentlig l\u00e5dkonstruktion. M\u00e5nga v\u00e4ljer att l\u00e5ta ett [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":347,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"slim_seo":{"title":"Formelsamling - Hur Hifi - H&auml;r l&auml;r du dig att bygga dina egna h&ouml;gtalare, dina egna delningsfilter och l&aring;dkonstruktioner","description":"Hem &gt; \u00d6vrigt &gt; Formelsamling Det b\u00e4sta s\u00e4ttet att r\u00e4kna fram en ordentlig l\u00e5da \u00e4r att ta hj\u00e4lp av f\u00e4rdiga ber\u00e4kningsprogram. Men om man inte vill det? Det"},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-342","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/342","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=342"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/342\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":841,"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/342\/revisions\/841"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/347"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drkrupp.se\/hifi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=342"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}